FACTORES ASOCIADOS AL SOBREPESO EN ESTUDIANTES DE 8 A 18 AÑOS DE ÁREAS SUBURBANAS, HIDALGO, MÉXICO

Determinar y analizar los factores asociados al sobrepeso de preadolescentes y adolescentes de escuelas suburbanas. Se aplicó una encuesta transversal a 257 estudiantes de primaria, secundaria y preparatoria. Se determinó sobrepeso por medio del índice de masa corporal (IMC).Se evaluaron asociaciones con el autoreporte de aspectos sociodemográficos, percepciones y actitudes en salud, actividad física y consumo de alimentos. La prevalencia de sobrepeso fue de 23.9% y fue asociado al sexo masculino, a un perímetro de cintura mayor a 80.3 cm., a una correcta autopercepción de la imagen corporal, a una actitud negativa frente a la comida, así como a percepciones de difícil acceso y disponibilidad de frutas. En este grupo el sobrepeso es menor a lo reportado por estudios nacionales, es mayor en hombres y se asocia más a factores alimentarios y percepciones en salud, que a la actividad física.Palabras clave: sobrepeso, adolescentes, percepciones, actividad física, alimentación.   overweight, adolescents, perceptions, physical activity, feedin

Random Network Models to Predict the Long-Term Impact of HPV Vaccination on Genital Warts

[EN] The Human papillomaviruses (HPV) vaccine induces a herd immunity effect in genital warts when a large number of the population is vaccinated. This aspect should be taken into account when devising new vaccine strategies, like vaccination at older ages or male vaccination. Therefore, it is important to develop mathematical models with good predictive capacities. We devised a sexual contact network that was calibrated to simulate the Spanish epidemiology of different HPV genotypes. Through this model, we simulated the scenario that occurred in Australia in 2007, where 12¿13 year-old girls were vaccinated with a three-dose schedule of a vaccine containing genotypes 6 and 11, which protect against genital warts, and also a catch-up program in women up to 26 years of age. Vaccine coverage were 73% in girls with three doses and with coverage rates decreasing with age until 52% for 20¿26 year-olds. A fast 59% reduction in the genital warts diagnoses occurred in the model in the first years after the start of the program, similar to what was described in the literature.We are grateful for the support from Sanofi Pasteur. The authors would also like to thank M. Diaz-Sanchis from the Institut Catala d'Oncologia (ICO) for her useful comments and the data provided on HPV prevalence. We would also like to thank the ICO for the HPV information centre at http://hpvcentre.net.Diez-Domingo, J.; Sánchez-Alonso, V.; Villanueva Micó, RJ.; Acedo Rodríguez, L.; Moraño Fernández, JA.; Villanueva-Oller, J. (2017). Random Network Models to Predict the Long-Term Impact of HPV Vaccination on Genital Warts. Viruses. 9(10). doi:10.3390/v9100300S91

Calibrating a large network model describing the transmission dynamics of the human papillomavirus (HPV) using a Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) algorithm in a distributed computing environment

[EN] Working in large networks applied to epidemiological-type models has led us to design a simple but e↵ective computed distributed environment to perform a large amount of model simulations in a reasonable time in order to study the behavior of these models and to calibrate them. Finding the model parameters that best fit the available data in the designed distributed computing environment becomes a challenge and it is necessary to implement reliable algorithms for model calibration. In this paper, we have adapted the random PSO algorithm to our distributed computing environment to be applied to the calibration of a Papillomavirus transmission dynamics model on a lifetime sexual partners network. And we have obtained a good fitting saving time and calculations compared with the exhaustive searching strategy we have been using so far.The author(s) disclosed receipt of the following financial support for the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article: This work has been partially supported by the Ministerio de Economa y Competitividad Grants MTM2013-41765-P and TIN 2014-54806-R.Acedo Rodríguez, L.; Burgos-Simon, C.; Hidalgo, J.; Sánchez-Alonso, V.; Villanueva Micó, RJ.; Villanueva-Oller, J. (2018). Calibrating a large network model describing the transmission dynamics of the human papillomavirus (HPV) using a Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) algorithm in a distributed computing environment. International Journal of High Performance Computing Applications. 32(5):721-728. https://doi.org/10.1177/1094342017697862S721728325Acedo, L., Lamprianidou, E., Moraño, J.-A., Villanueva-Oller, J., & Villanueva, R.-J. (2015). Firing patterns in a random network cellular automata model of the brain. Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications, 435, 111-119. doi:10.1016/j.physa.2015.05.017Acedo, L., Moraño, J.-A., Villanueva, R.-J., Villanueva-Oller, J., & Díez-Domingo, J. (2011). Using random networks to study the dynamics of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) in the Spanish region of Valencia. Mathematical and Computer Modelling, 54(7-8), 1650-1654. doi:10.1016/j.mcm.2010.11.068Castellsagué, X., Iftner, T., Roura, E., Vidart, J. A., Kjaer, S. K., … Bosch, F. X. (2012). Prevalence and genotype distribution of human papillomavirus infection of the cervix in Spain: The CLEOPATRE study. Journal of Medical Virology, 84(6), 947-956. doi:10.1002/jmv.23282Cortés, J.-C., Colmenar, J.-M., Hidalgo, J.-I., Sánchez-Sánchez, A., Santonja, F.-J., & Villanueva, R.-J. (2016). Modeling and predicting the Spanish Bachillerato academic results over the next few years using a random network model. Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications, 442, 36-49. doi:10.1016/j.physa.2015.08.032Elbasha, E. H., Dasbach, E. J., & Insinga, R. P. (2007). Model for Assessing Human Papillomavirus Vaccination Strategies. Emerging Infectious Diseases, 13(1), 28-41. doi:10.3201/eid1301.060438González-Parra, G., Villanueva, R.-J., Ruiz-Baragaño, J., & Moraño, J.-A. (2015). Modelling influenza A(H1N1) 2009 epidemics using a random network in a distributed computing environment. Acta Tropica, 143, 29-35. doi:10.1016/j.actatropica.2014.12.008Khemka, N., & Jacob, C. (2010). Exploratory Toolkit for Evolutionary and Swarm-Based Optimization. The Mathematica Journal, 11(3), 376-391. doi:10.3888/tmj.11.3-

Impact of a Gender-Neutral HPV Vaccination Program in Men Who Have Sex with Men (MSM)

[EN] A major challenge in human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine programs is the universal gender-neutral recommendation, as well as estimation of its long-term effect. The objective of this study is to predict the added benefit of male vaccination, especially in men who have sex with men (MSM), and to analyze the impact of the program on society. We propose a mathematical model of the HPV infection based on a network paradigm. Data from Spain allowed constructing the sexual network. HPV force of infection was taken from literature. Different scenarios using variable vaccine coverage in both males and females were studied. Strong herd immunity is shown in the heterosexual population, with an important decrease of HPV 6/11 infections both in men and in unvaccinated women with an only-women vaccination at 14 years of age. No impact of this program occurred in the infection incidence in MSM. This group would only benefit from a vaccination program that includes males. However, the impact at short term would be lower than in heterosexual men. The protection of MSM can only be achieved by direct vaccination of males. This may have important consequences for public health.This paper has been supported by the Spanish Ministerio de Economía, Industria y Competitividad (MINECO), the Agencia Estatal de Investigación (AEI) and Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional (FEDER UE) grant MTM2017-89664-P. This paper has been supported by the European Union through the Operational Program of the [European Regional Development Fund (ERDF)/European Social Fund (ESF)] of the Valencian Community 2014¿2020. Files: GJIDI/2018/A/010 and GJIDI/2018/A/009Diez-Domingo, J.; Sánchez-Alonso, V.; Villanueva Micó, RJ.; Acedo, L.; Tuells, J. (2021). Impact of a Gender-Neutral HPV Vaccination Program in Men Who Have Sex with Men (MSM). International Journal of Environmental research and Public Health (Online). 18(3):1-11. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18030963S11118

On the Elimination of Infections Related to Oncogenic Human Papillomavirus: an Approach using a Computational Network Model

[EN] Cervical cancer is the fourth most common malignancy in women worldwide, although it is preventable with prophylactic HPV vaccination. HPV transmission-dynamic models can predict the potential for the global elimination of cervical cancer. The random network model is a new approach that allows individuals to be followed, and to implement a given vaccination policy according to their clinical records. We developed an HPV transmission-dynamic model on a lifetime sexual partners network based on individual contacts, also accounting for the sexual behavior of men who have sex with men (MSM). We analyzed the decline in the prevalence of HPV infection in a scenario of 75% and 90% coverage for both sexes. An important herd immunity effect for men and women was observed in the heterosexual network, even with 75% coverage. However, HPV infections are persistent in the MSM population, with sustained circulation of the virus among unvaccinated individuals. Coverage around 75% of both sexes would be necessary to eliminate HPV-related conditions in women within five decades. Nevertheless, the variation in the decline in infection in the long term between a vaccination coverage of 75% and 90% is relatively small, suggesting that reaching coverage of around 70-75% in the heterosexual network may be enough to confer high protection. Nevertheless, HPV elimination may be achieved if men's coverage is strictly controlled. This accurate representation of HPV transmission demonstrates the need to maintain high HPV vaccination coverage, especially in men, for whom the cost-effectiveness of vaccination is questioned.This work has been supported by the Spanish Ministerio de Economia, Industria y Competitividad (MINECO), the Agencia Estatal de Investigacion (AEI) and Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional (FEDER UE), grant MTM2017-89664-P. Authors also wish to acknowledge Maria Giovanna Ferrario, Victor Latorre, and the Medical Statistics Consulting team (Valencia, Spain) for their collaboration in writing this manuscript.Muñoz-Quiles, C.; Diez-Domingo, J.; Acedo, L.; Sánchez-Alonso, V.; Villanueva Micó, RJ. (2021). On the Elimination of Infections Related to Oncogenic Human Papillomavirus: an Approach using a Computational Network Model. Viruses. 13(5):1-12. https://doi.org/10.3390/v13050906S11213

Production of an extensive sunflower protein hydrolysate by sequential hydrolysis with endo- and exo-proteases

Se ha obtenido un aislado proteico de alta calidad a partir de harina desengrasada de girasol, mediante extracción alcalina y precipitación isoeléctrica. Se incrementó el contenido proteico desde un 31.2 % en la harina desengrasada hasta un 97 % en el aislado proteico. Los porcentajes de fibra, azúcares solubles, polifenoles y lípidos residuales se redujeron en más del 90 % en el aislado proteico respecto a la harina desengrasada. Se usó el aislado proteico como material de partida para la producción de un hidrolizado enzimático proteico extenso. La hidrólisis se realizó en un reactor usando secuencialmente una endo-proteasa (Alcalasa) y una exo-proteasa (Flavorzima). El hidrolizado proteico, con un grado de hidrólisis del 50.7 %, era blanco y no presentaba amargor

Uncertainty and sensitivity of the sexual behavior changes to the current human papillomavirus vaccination campaign in Spain

Taking into account the public health importance of the human papillomavirus (HPV) control in the future, it is mandatory to assess the effect of the vaccination campaigns on the control of HPV spread and the associated diseases using reliable mathematical models. We propose a computational random network model with the aim of studying the transmission dynamics of HPV infections. This model reflects the herd immunity effect in the heterosexual network more accurately than the classical models. We perform a sensitivity analysis of the sexual behavior changes consisting of increasing the number of men who have sex with men (MSM), increasing the frequency of the intercourses and increasing the number of sexual partners. We find that large changes in the sexual behavior, in some extent, only have minor effects on the decline of the HPV infections in women and men in the current vaccination campaign in Spain (vaccination of young girls with a coverage of 70%). Therefore, the current vaccination program in Spain is robust for the heterosexuals. However, we cannot say the same for MSM, where they do not benefit by the herd immunity effect of the vaccination of girls, and consequently, the circulation of the virus among them remains unchanged. A consequence of the present study is that the effect of other external factors that may affect the transmission dynamics of the HPV, for instance, the tourism or the immigration, does not influence the protection provided by the current Spanish vaccination program.This work has been supported by the Spanish Ministerio de Economía, Industria y Competitividad (MINECO), the Agencia Estatal de Investigación (AEI) and Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional (FEDER UE) grant MTM2017-89664-P. This paper has been supported by the European Union through the Operational Program of the [European Regional Development Fund (ERDF) / European Social Fund (ESF)] of the Valencian Community 2014-2020. Files: GJIDI/2018/A/010 and GJIDI/2018/A/009

Hidatidosis vertebral intrarraquídea. Una patología médico-quirúrgica. Reporte de dos casos

La hidatidosis es una enfermedad causada por el estado larval del platelminto Echinococcus, siendo la especie más prevalente Echinococcus granulosus. Es endémica Eurasia, Africa, Australia y Sudamérica. En Chile tiene una incidencia notificada de  2,1 casos por 100.000 habitantes y a pesar de que está asociada a las zonas ganaderas del sur de Chile, se presenta a lo largo de todo el territorio debido al desplazamiento de la población y su largo período de incubación. Se caracteriza por la presencia de un quiste habitualmente a nivel hepático (75%) o pulmonar (15%). La afectación de otros territorios es menos frecuente y el compromiso óseo es una rareza que no supera el  1 a 2,5%, ya sea en el tejido trabecular o canal medular. El tratamiento por lo general es médico-quirúrgico con resultados clínicos dispares debido a alta tasa de recurrencias y secuelas. La experiencia en el manejo de pacientes afectados con hidatidosis intrarraquídea es limitada debido a su baja frecuencia. Por ello quisimos reportar 2 casos observados en nuestro centro y analizar su manejo

Analysis of ozone concentrations between 2002–2020 in urban air in northern Spain

Producción CientíficaThis paper analyses surface ozone measurements at five stations in an urban area (Valladolid) in the upper Spanish plateau over the period 2002–2020. Temporal evolutions, the relationship between ozone and other pollutants such as nitrogen oxides, and the assessment of the ozone concentration trend during the study period were analysed. Daily evolution of ozone at all the stations showed mean maximum concentrations in the afternoon, 15:00 GMT, with values ranging between 73.8 and 80.9 µg m−3, evidencing the influence of photochemical processes favoured by solar radiation in ozone formation. The lowest levels were recorded at night and in the early morning, 7:00 GMT, and were between 23.4 and 32.3 µg m−3, related with the reduction by NO reactions and deposition processes. A broad spring–summer peak between May and July was seen, with the highest values in the latter, with a mean value of up to 73.8 µg m−3. The variation in the monthly mean ozone concentrations of the different percentiles was analysed using a harmonic model. The empirical equation described the experimental values satisfactorily, with a confidence level of 95% and coefficients of determination above 80%, confirming the major decreasing trend in the ozone peak values over the study period.Junta de Castilla y León (Project VA027G19